Research methodology, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed approaches
Keywords:
Methodology, Quantitative, Mixed approach, Research, QualitativeAbstract
Methodology defines systematic criteria and procedures to be followed in the activity of studying phenomena and generating scientific knowledge. There are considered to be three main approaches: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed. The qualitative approach focuses on a comprehensive understanding of a social or human reality from the perspective of the participants. The methods used are interviews, observation, and discourse analysis in order to interpret meanings and contexts. It is inductive, flexible, and works well for studying complex, subjective, or understudied phenomena. The quantitative approach, on the other hand, focuses on the numerical measurement of variables and their analysis in statistical terms. It uses surveys, experiments, and other standardized tests to establish causal or correlational relationships between variables. This approach is more deductive, attempting to generalize results and relying on controlled and structured designs. Its rigor allows for the collection of objective data that is replicable and facilitates evidence-based decision-making. Finally, the mixed approach integrates aspects of qualitative and quantitative methods, generating a more comprehensive approach to the phenomenon. It can be applied sequentially or concurrently and is useful in addressing complex problems from different dimensions. Its use requires careful planning and diverse analytical skills, but its advantages include more robust and contextualized results. The selection of a particular approach is conditioned by the research problem, the established goals, and the type of knowledge expected to be generated. In all scientific research, these approaches are indispensable for ensuring quality, validity, and usefulness.
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